Tok Essay Ways of Knowing - 826 Words

Tok Essay Ways Of Knowing Using one way of knowing is not enough if you want to determine if something is true or if something is believed to be true. The different ways of knowing are sense perception, reasoning, emotion and memory. Plato once stated that knowledge is â€Å"Justified true belief† which just goes to show that in order to obtain knowledge, we need to know certain thing as a fact, not belief. When we believe something is true, we do not know it for certain. We just have faith in the fact that it is true. To test if our beliefs are real and true, we can use the different ways of knowing to confirm or abolish our beliefs. However these ways of knowing each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Sense perception is†¦show more content†¦Another part of reasoning is proportion. Putting something in proportion gives us a more accurate view of something we are trying to find out. However, this can make reasoning fallible because external forces can influence it. Emotion is a very flawed way to make the distinction between belief and truth. This is because things that influence us very easily mislead our emotions and so we cannot determine a truth by only using our emotion. For instance some person that loves to play video games might start to dislike it because he keeps losing. The more times he loses the more upset he gets and the more he starts to dislike the game. Pretty soon he might lose interest and start to dislike video games altogether. It is also very easy to cloud people’s judgment by playing on their emotions causing them to hold a false truth or belief. Memory is another fallible devise used to distinguish truth from belief. The older you get the harder it is to recall things set early on in your life, or even earlier that same day. This poses a very big problem because sometimes when you have to identify someone that you have only seen once, you could have major difficulties recalling their features. For instance, in a police investigation, the victims usually have to give an accurate description of the suspect. Speaking fromShow MoreRelatedTo what extent do ways of knowing prevent us from deluding ourselves? Justify your answer with reference to at least one area of knowledge1618 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿To what extent do ways of knowing prevent us from deluding ourselves? Justify your answer with reference to at least one area of knowledge Ways of knowing are the core of TOK for us to get knowledge in different Areas of Knowledge. The two key terms on this essay question are â€Å"ways of Knowing† and â€Å"deluding ourselves†. â€Å"Ways of knowing are how we acquire knowledge about the world around us, and figure out our relationship with it†. (IB Diploma Program, 31) Ways of Knowing help us to understandRead MoreWhat Is the Task of the Historian?966 Words   |  4 Pageswe would be without identity. History is regarded differently from human sciences because historians can’t directly observe the past. To what extent is history only focused on past events? And to what extent do the human sciences aim to change the way societies behave? Many knowledge issues arise, when looking at the different facets of these two areas of knowledge. There is often this objective vs subjective debate when looking at history. Is historical knowledge socially constructed? It’s aRead MoreTok Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesNew TOK Essay Topic 3: There are no absolute distinctions between what is true and what is false. Discuss this claim. I’d always believed that the truth was a rather simple idea. To me, it was something that was true or correct or existing in this world. But after all the discussions in TOK, with family and with friends, and after deep rumination on the subject, I’ve realized that’s it’s a much more broad, complex and often mind-boggling concept. However, now I see that there are essentiallyRead MoreDiscuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History1695 Words   |  7 PagesTOK- Essay Question 9 â€Å"Discuss the roles of language and reasoning in history† 1451 words Nadia Lotze 000 865-015 Mr Skeoch History is the past written by the present. The very nature of this statement creates the predicament of historical knowledge. The historians of the present are under constant pressure of rapidly changing society; therefore what we discover from the past is dependent on our perceptions that are forever changing. History and historical explanations are deduced and manipulatedRead MoreEmotion as a Way of Knowing1456 Words   |  6 PagesEMOTION ESSAY â€Å"The mind leads, the emotions follow† -Ayn Rand Emotion is a state of psychological stimulation and an expression of distinct responses[1]. Emotional states can be defined by particular bodily responses. Emotion is more similar to conscious thought than feelings are to conscious thought. Feelings are more like sensations, when you touch something you get a feeling[2]. Therefore feelings are processed faster than emotions, because when you touch something there is a slightRead MoreTok Emotion Essay861 Words   |  4 Pages2011 TOK Mr. de Silva Grade 11 OSC TOK Essay: How do Perception and Emotion Contribute to our Knowledge of the World? Perception is broad concept, often defined through various contexts. Similarly, emotion has assorted definitions. These concepts differ in their timing in the world, for without the initial perception, emotion is a non-existent concept. And without such commodities our knowledge of the world would cease to exist. For our perception and emotion influences the other ways ofRead MorePossession of Knowledge Tok Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesTOK Outline Essay title – â€Å"The possession of knowledge carries an ethical responsibility†. Evaluate this claim. What knowledge issues I think are involved †¢ How can you possess knowledge? How do you acquire it and do these ways affect your responsibility of imparting it on others? †¢ How is the knowledge you have affected by your personal ethics? Some people would have no problem giving out certain pieces of knowledge while others would be very trouble giving out exactly the same informationRead MoreThe s Theory Of Knowledge1664 Words   |  7 PagesAs human beings, we have the natural propensity to acquire knowledge from our evolving environment, through different ways of knowing such as perception, reason, emotion and language. Knowledge can be defined as information acquired from experience or education or the awareness of a situation. Thus, denoting experience, education and awareness as the roots of knowledge. Consequently, if a knower is not able to experience an event or be educated, the concept of knowledge may cease to exist. ThereforeRead MoreHow Can the Different Ways of Knowing Help Us to Distinguish Between Something That Is True and Something That Is Believed to Be True?1871 Words   |  8 PagesTOK ESSAY 4. How can the different ways of knowing help us to distinguish between something that is true and something that is believed to be true? In order to distinguish between what is true and what we simply believe to be true we will first have to define what truth and belief is and how these two terms differ from each other. This paper will then seek to determine how the four different ways of knowing – perception, language, emotions and reason – can help us distinguish between truthRead MoreThe Matrix and the Allegory of the Cave Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesTOK Essay The Allegory of the Cave and The Matrix 03 December 2010 Many people think that what we know is not really what is real. This idea is shown through the story of The Allegory of the Cave and the movie, The Matrix. Both the movie and the story are similar (it is said that The Matrix is based on The Allegory) and the main plots of the two can be compared. In The Allegory of the Cave, the people are chained up by their legs and necks in a cave from an early age, facing a wall. From

What Are The Differences Between Market Structures And...

It is important to apply microeconomics concepts toward the competitive strategies of an organization that operates in respective industry. This essay will evaluate the differences between market structures and will also identify a group of competitive strategies consistent with the market structure that best aligns with the market in which the organization competes. Additionally, assessing the market structure positively and negatively affects the organization s ability to earn an economic profit over time and evaluate the effectiveness of the organization s competitive strategies. There are many different aspects to classifying a business or corporation and its structure while taking everything else into account. You must take into account the different types of products and services in order to classify a corporation and its given structure. In addition to this, you must also take into account how many other corporations, who are offering the same product, what the industryâ€℠¢s supply and demand is for the product and/or service and how much business is generated by the corporation in question. There are different categories of corporations which are all separated in their different business structure types. For Instance, perfectly competitive markets, monopolistically competitive markets, monopolies, and oligopolies are different business structures. An oligopoly is a market structure in which a few firms dominate the marketplace. When a market is shared between a fewShow MoreRelatedThe Competitive Strategy Of Titan1090 Words   |  5 Pagesone of four different market structures; perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. The market structure an organization is grouped in is based on characteristics such as competition, products, and ease of entry into the market. Powerlifting is a specialized sport with only a few companies selling the custom equipment required. Titan is one of the companies that sell powerlifting equipment. The following paragraphs will identify which market structure Titan belongs to andRead MoreStrategy at Business Level9 27 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Chapter 5 Business Level Strategy Successful business model is the product of successful business level strategies. A successful business model can give a company competitive advantage over rivals. To craft a successful business model, strategic managers must determine three issues stated below: 1. What to be satisfied-customer’s needs: Customer needs are the wants that can be satisfied by the means of attributes of the products. Customers choose a product based on: A. Product differentiation Read MoreStrategic Management Important Questions1648 Words   |  7 PagesDefine Business Level Strategy integrated and coordinated set of commitments and actions the firm uses to aim a competitive advantage by exploiting core competencies in specific product markets. indicates the choiced the firm has made about how it intends to compete in individual product markets is the core strategy - the strategy that the firm forms to describe how it intends to compete in the product market customers are the foundation of successful business level strategies and should never beRead MoreCase Study : Low Cost Strategy Essay1148 Words   |  5 Pages Chapter 5 1. Describe low-cost strategy. How does this relate to differentiation? Low cost strategy is about playing around the market with the organizations competitors. This strategy can be played but lowering the cost of the products, therefore it will encourage to attract the customers to buy it. Example: Consider the accessories of the Apple products like cases and chargers which are considered to be expensive while other companies offer the same products with lower cost which will attractRead MoreInformation System998 Words   |  4 PagesABOUT YOU? 1. What competitive strategy are the credit card companies pursuing? How do information systems support that strategy? 2. What are the business benefits of analyzing customer purchase data and constructing behavioral profiles? 3. Are these practices by credit card companies ethical? Are they an invasion of privacy? Why or why not? IS THE IPAD A DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY? 1. Evaluate the impact of the iPad using Porter’s competitive forces model. 2. What makes the iPad a disruptiveRead MorePrinciples of Management POLC Model1222 Words   |  5 PagesStrategizing ï  ¶ See how strategy fits in the P-O-L-C framework ï  ¶ Better understand where strategy comes from ï  ¶ Understand the concept of strategic focus ï  ¶ Conduct internal analysis to develop strategy ï  ¶ Conduct external analysis to develop strategy ï  ¶ Formulating organizational and personal strategy with the strategy diamond  © 2010 Jupiterimages Corporation Understand How Strategy Fits in the P-O-L-C Framework Where Strategy Fits in â€Å"Planning† The strategy is how the firm aims Read MoreFunctional Microeconomic Models Of Competition Essay1411 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of the author is to develop a theoretical framework, evolved from basic microeconomic models of competition, to highlight six streams relevant to competitive dynamics in the chronological order of the level of research- competitive action and response, first-mover advantage, co-opetition, multipoint competition, strategic groups and regional clusters. The author then discuss the challenges related with each research streams and areas of overlap and disagreement within them and outlineRead MoreComparison of the Resource-Based vs Market-Based View Approaches to Competitive Strategy1474 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and contrast the market-based approach and the resource-based view as approaches to competitive strategy. To what extent are they rival or complementary views? Competitive strategy, after Porter, came to be defined as the strategy of a business unit which seeks to achieve sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA). The literature on strategy deems the market-based view (MBV) and the resource –based view (RBV) as two approaches to giving businesses the competitive edge they need to competeRead MoreOrganization Design And Organizational Design1295 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization design is â€Å"the process of aligning an organization s structure with its mission†. This means the company uses organization design to identify the mistake of procedures, structures, systems, and workflow of the organization, and change the mistake to fit the current company mission, and then improves ideas to implement the new changes (MindTools, 2016). Some managers use the organization design to look at the complex relationship between workflow, and make the process support the objective of theRead MoreAlibaba.Com Case Study1496 Words   |  6 Pa gesCAPTER 11: ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND CONTROL CASE: Alibaba.com ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ( DESIGN ) The firm’s formal reporting relationships, procedures, controls, and authority and decision making processes. Specifies the work to be done and how to do it in line with the firms strategies †¢ Structural Stability: Provides the capacity the firm requires to consistently predictably manage it’s daily work routines. Group Members: Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Samad Maniyarasan Al Munusamy Zahairinizal Bin

Recession A Case On Government Policies

Question: Discuss how the Government can use various policy tools to either avoid or limit the negative effect of a recession. Answer: Introduction: In macro economics, recession alludes to a contraction in trade or business cycle. More precisely, it is a slowdown of economic activities and downturn in any concerned economy. A significant fall in spending gives rise to recession (The Economic Times, 2015). Example although being the third largest economy, Japans economy contracted to 1.9% annually in July to September, 2014. Recession in an economy is allied with: Inflation which is high. Unemployment which is high. Slowing GDP (Gross domestic product). Falling income. Falling prices. Falling interest. In a market sector or market economy, the national government and other monetary authorities implement policies to avoid recession depending upon the causes of recession. Aggregate demand (like invest, exports, consumer spending) needs to be increased (Viard, 2009). The govt. has 2 types of economic policies in order to control aggregate demand, viz. fiscal policy and monetary policy. When economy is stimulated with these policies, the govt. is adopting expansionary fiscal policy. When the economy is contracted, the govt. adopts contractionary fiscal policy. Normal Fiscal policy indicates: Lowering taxes Increasing spending of govt. and or Increases in transfer payments (Well, 2015). Corollary: But an overheated expansion, contractionary policy is desirable and it means: High taxation. Lowered spending. Thus, Lord Keynes opined, recession needed deficit spending and overheated expansion need a budget surplus. Considerations needs o be taken by govt.: The govt. can imply stimulus that are short termed and structural changes that are long termed. Spending is required to be boosted by the government. Low bond yield as an advantage should be taken (Well, 2015). The increase in fiscal stimulus (discretionary) shall: Create new jobs. Boost the AD (aggregate demand). Improve the confidence of consumer and businesses. Simultaneously, govt. requires setting out material plans in dealing with long term spending commitment. Decisions should be made by the govt. which reduces long termed entitlement spending, viz. Rising the retirement age. Put caps on costs of health care (Well, 2015). Increases the taxes (delay till after the recession). Recession avoidance by policies (fiscal and monetary stimulus): Govt. Fiscal policy (expansionary) works in two ways, viz. taxes and spending. But for our usefulness, it is better to segregate in three tools viz, taxes, transfer payments and govt. purchases. By cutting rate of interest: Aggregate demand is boosted by cutting rate of interests. If interest rates are lower, it reduces the interest payments of mortgage. This gives more disposable income (DI) to consumers. This lower interest rate induces consumers and firm to spend more rather than saving (Pettinger, 2008). If higher interest rates are the cause of recession, then by cutting rate of interest can help in avoiding recession. It may be however noted that if there is a huge drop in assets prices, the banks loose. This is because even if interest rates are shelved, bank may not lend. But in the year 2008 to 2009, in UK interest rates were lowered by 0.5% but UK could not avoid recession. The central bank will lower interest rates and increases the supply of money in the economy. Preventing house re-possessions: The govt. can try freezing mortgage rates in preventing home re-possessions. House re-possessions cause banks to loose and also a decrease in consumer spending. Fiscal policy (expansionary): Fiscal policy (expansionary) works two folds on part governments fiscal budget, viz. taxes and spending. But t is useful if we separate these 2 sides into 3 specific tools, viz. taxes, govt. purchases transfer payments. Consumers DI increases when there is a cut in taxes. But it induces higher borrowing by govt. We can cite the example of Japan and Abenomics. Japan has a public debt of 240%. But Greece, Italy and Ireland will not benefit from this fiscal policy as they have seen rise in govt. bond yield (Pettinger, 2008). Again, it is not guaranteed that spending shall be boosted by lowering taxes if the confidence is less. The govt. can subject to higher spending as regards to capital investments project. Money will be thus injected in the economy directly. This shall prove more effective than cutting taxes if cut in taxes are saved just. Closing recessionary gap, decreasing the rate of unemployment and stimulating the economy is the primary goal of fiscal policy. It can lead to larger budget deficit by govt. or a lesser budget surplus. Transfer payments: These payments are made by govt. to households in expectation of no productive activities in return (Economics.fundamentalfinance.com, 2015). These are welfare to the people who are poor, unemployment compensation for the unemployed people, security benefits to disabled elderly people. Devaluation: There can be a boost in AD if there is devaluation in exchange a rate. Example, a drop in the value of pound makes imports dearer and exports cheaper, increasing the domestic demand. But if we take into consideration the in global recession, exports demand shall be inelastic (quite). Also countries may start competitive devaluation in global recession. This happens when various countries tries to attain competitive advantage by devaluating their home currency against other foreign currency. But it may prove self defeating (Pettinger, 2008). Quantitative easing: Unusual monetary policies shall be adopted by central bank if the interest rate is already 0 (zero). Thus, the central bank would involve in creating money electronically. This money shall be used in buying securities that are long dated. This will increase banks reserves. This in turn will encourage banks to lend. Also, it will reduce rate of interest on bonds. This will in turn help in encouraging investments and spending. To buy long term securities can play an important role to increases supply of money in the economy (Amosweb.com, 2015). Conclusion: Govt. can avoid recession by fiscal and monetary measures. But implying these stimuli depends upon the nature of the recession. It may work in a particular nations recession. But for global recession some added means are required. Example lowering rates did not work for UK. References: Amosweb.com, (2015). AmosWEB is Economics: Encyclonomic WEB*pedia. [online] Available at: https://www.amosweb.com/cgi-bin/awb_nav.pl?s=wpdc=dspk=expansionary+fiscal+polic [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015]. Economics.fundamentalfinance.com, (2015). Fiscal Policy - Macroeconomics. [online] Available at: https://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/fiscal-policy.php [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015]. Economics.fundamentalfinance.com, (2015). Fiscal Policy - Macroeconomics. [online] Available at: https://economics.fundamentalfinance.com/fiscal-policy.php [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015]. Pettinger, T. (2008). Economics Essays: Can Recessions be Avoided?. [online] Econ.economicshelp.org. Available at: https://econ.economicshelp.org/2008/07/can-recessions-be-avoided.html [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015]. Pettinger, T. (2011). Economics Essays: Policies to Avoid Recession. [online] Econ.economicshelp.org. Available at: https://econ.economicshelp.org/2011/09/policies-to-avoid-recession.html [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015]. The Economic Times, (2015). Recession Definition | Recession Meaning - The Economic Times. [online] Available at: https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/Recession [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015]. Viard, A. (2009). Tax Policy during the Recession: The Role of Fiscal Stimulus. [online] AEI. Available at: https://www.aei.org/publication/tax-policy-during-the-recession-the-role-of-fiscal-stimulus/ [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015]. Well, D. (2015). Fiscal Policy: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics | Library of Economics and Liberty. [online] Econlib.org. Available at: https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/FiscalPolicy.html [Accessed 20 Jul. 2015].

Olaudah Equiano Essays (1611 words) - Racism, African Slave Trade

Olaudah Equiano Feb.02, 2001 Olaudah Equiano In 1745, Olaudah Equiano was born in a small village in Isseke,Nigeria. His father was one of the chiefs in the village. At age eleven Equiano and his sister were kidnapped by two men and a woman never to see his home or parents again. After being kidnapped he was hiked across part of Africa untill he arrived at the coast where he was loaded onto a slave ship. While crossing the Atlantic to Barbados onboard the slave ship he and his countrymen were subject to horrors you could hardly imagine. Equiano tells about the horrors and torture slaves face not only on the slave ship but also on plantations and many other aspects of a slave's life. Equiano experienced almost all parts of a slave's existence. He was a slave throughout Africa, England, and the New World. Equiano is bought and sold several times. Religion also played a huge role in Equiano's life and I think that it helped him get through some really hard times. He is bought by a British Naval officer and serves in the British Na vy during the Seven Years' War. He is then sold to Robert King where he begins trading goods between islands and eventually makes enough money to buy his freedom. Equiano tells of the joy he feels when he becomes a free man. The rest of his life is devoted to helping slaves and to the cause of abolishing slavery. In 1756 Olaudah Equino was kidnapped and taken to a slave ship which is when his nightmare and battle with slavery began. Equiano and his countrymen were chained together and treated extremely badly. I've never heard of animals being kept in a worse place than the slaves aboard the ship. Below decks on the ship is where the real horrors took place. There were hundreds of slaves packed into a very small place. There was no room for a person to turn over and barely enough room to sit up. There was no light below decks, just a suffocating darkness. With the many people in such a small place and the humidity, the temperature below decks was unbearable. There was no fresh air, nothing but the nasty stench of the latrines and peoples body odor.The air became unfit to breathe and almost suffocated them. There were children that would fall into the latrines and almost drowned. Many slaves would get sick and die in this terrible place and never make it to Barbados. Shrieks of women and the gr oans of the dying made the whole scene a nightmare. This caused some slaves to jump off the ship and drown themselves. The first time he was flogged was on the ship when he refused to eat. Two white men tied his feet. One white man held his hands while the other flogged or whipped him. Prisoners were severely cut and flogged for hours for trying to jump off the ship. He had never seen such savage brutal cruelty among people. When the ship reached Barbados the slaves were put into a pin like animals. At the sound of a drum, buyers rushed out to pick out the slaves they wanted to buy. Then no matter if they were friends, husbands, wives, brothers, or sisters they were separated and never to see each other again. Equiano was sold and worked on a plantation in Virginia County, weeding grass and moving stones. On this plantation he saw the black slave cook with some kind of iron muzzle that locked her mouth shut so she could hardly speak. I guess this contraption was put on her head so s he couldn't eat any of her master's food. Equiano served the British navy from 1958-1962 during the Seven Years War. In the hopes of being freed, Equiano gave all his wages and prize money to Micheal Pascal, but he was not freed, he was illegally sold to another man. Equiano was robbed of the money he saved by two sailors when they reached Monterserrat. Although Equiano was treated bad he always followed two religious rules: Do unto others as you would have them do unto you and Honesty is the best policy. He suffers a lot