The Features And Translation Of English Slang

The Features And Translation Of English Slang Slang is the use of informal words and expressions that does not belong to the standard English, but it is acceptable in certain social settings. In our daily life, we can see the use of slang in the books, magazines and movies on TV, because slang is related closely to the national culture. The translation of English slang is required the translator to pay attention to the appropriateness of the language and the background culture. Key words: English slang, daily life, translation, appropriateness, culture Language is the tool for human beings to communicate with each other, it has no class nature. But it doesnt mean that people use the same language in different class. The languages used in different class have their distinct characters and color; they can reflect the speakers social background, status, artistic culture and industry background. In English, slang is a colorful word. But now, people can use slang in the conversation to make their language to be vivid, humorous and different from others. Especially, the youth keep trying to make new slangs in their conversations. Meanwhile, slang can help the conversation to be easy and friendly. So slang is used widely in our daily life, for instance in the books, magazines and movies. As a widely used language, slang has its own definition, features and ways of translation. In a broad sense, idioms may include colloquialisms, catchphrases, slang expressions, proverbs, etc. In the Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary, slang is very informal words and expressions that are more common in spoken language, especially used by a particular group of people, for example, children, criminals, soldiers, etc. In English, there are Standard Usage, Colloquialism and Jargon. Standard Usage is used by most people in every situation; Colloquialism is used in informal situation, especially in informal conversations. Jargon is the different language used in different professions, ages, etc. Slang seems to be between Colloquialism and Jargon, it is not only the commonly used language among the most people, but also belongs to a social group. Slang is a conversational word with some color which is understood by most people. Slang has many features by what we can use and understand it easily. Firstly, slang is convenient and concise. Generally speaking, slang is easy, short and attractive; to the contrary, Standard Usage is like stiff and tedious. Most slangs are created by the public in the daily life, so its more convenient, expressive and vivid than Standard Usage. For example, if you want to evaluate some food, you will use delicious to praise and terrible to complain in Standard Usage. Delicious and terrible are polysyllable, their pronunciations are longer. On the contrary, you can use two symmetric and easy words to express, yummy and yukky. There is another example. Beer party can be expressed to kegger in slang which is very visual and vivid; both hop and dance mean dance, but people make a connection between hop and grasshopper crowhops happily in the grass. Secondly, slang is very humorous. As we all know, the American are humorous and imaginative, so most slang is expressed the Americans wisd om and humor. The Pentagon is called Target A in the slang, which satirize that America plays Pacific police in the world to interpose the other countries domestic affairs. In Chinese, we use à ¦Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ³Ã‚ ³Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ˆ to describe someones waistline is exceed standard, and the American use lovehandles to describe it. Thirdly, slang is informal. For example, people always use telly to express television, some think telly is too formal so that they use goggle-box or the one-eye monster instead. When something is wrong with the television, it can be expressed to Its on the blink. Fourthly, slang is neoteric unstable and fast updated. The idea what is thought of suddenly can be expressed to brain storm; firemen is called smoke eater; airplane is called flying coffin; people who waste the time is called clock watcher. All these imaginative words are fresh so they are popular. In the modern society, students, servants and fans like to use slang in their daily life, meanwhile, they are not satisfied with the slang, so they always make new slang in their conversation. As time goes by, the new slang will make the old to lose their freshness and it will be replaced. Slang can be divided into two parts by the life, one is a flash in the pan, for instance, skidoo, peach, skirt, etc. and the other one can spread widely to become the Standard Usage, for example, baby-sitter, fire, boss, fan, yes-man, cop, etc. Finally, slang has synonymity. Slang has many vocabularies to describe the same thing, because every class will provide the new words for slang and it wont be stopped by too many words which are the same meaning. Slangs synonymity is expressed on die, drink, money and body etc. For example, die can be expressed to to kick the bucket, to turn it in, to turn ones toes up, to turn ones heels, to be agoner, to go up the flame; slightly drunk can be called fresh, lush, squiffy, tight; very drunk can be expressed to soaked, sozzeld, stoned; confused with drink can be called blitzed, fuddled, woozy. Besides, money can be expressed to brass, lolly, tin, dash, bees, dough, bread, honey. In a word, slangs expressional color and extent are enriched by the plenty of synonyms. When we understand the features of slang, we can translate and use slang better in our English study and daily conversation. Incontestably, there are some ways to translate slang. Firstly, transliteration is the fundamental way of translating slang. When there is no word to translate slang, we can translate slang based on its pronunciation. For example, salon, hacker, cool, Hippies and Yuppies can be translated into à ¦Ã‚ ²Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¾Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã‚ »Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ®Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ·Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ «Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ©Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã‚ ®Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ £Ã‚ «. But not all slang can be translated by transliteration, if we can find the proper way to translate, we should avoid using transliteration. Secondly, literal translation is the common way to translate slang. It can keep the content and form of the text; meanwhile, it can help us to understand the western culture. But literal translation is difficult, because w e shouldnt make the readers confused in our translation. For example, Mark is an old hand in fixing cars. can be translated into à ©Ã‚ ©Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã…“ ¨Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ®Ãƒ §Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦- ¹Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‹Å" ¯Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ªÃƒ ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ¢â‚¬  Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ an old hand is a slang; it can be literally translated into à ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ which means be good at. Literal translation can make the English sentence to be humorous and enrich the Chinese vocabulary. Thirdly, free translation is more common and flexible than literal translation; it keeps the content of the text except the form. For example, Dont pull my leg. may be translated into à ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¦Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¿, but it should be translated into à ¥Ã‹â€ Ã‚ «Ãƒ §Ã‚ »Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ §Ã… ½Ã‚ ©Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ. We must use free translation to in stead of literal translation here, because we must pay attention on the meaning of the sentence instead of the form. Finally, replacement is the important way to solve the problem to translating English slang into Chinese. Different countries have different cultures and ways of thinking. We can replace the image to avoid missing the special meaning. For example, cat is the pet of the Europe and it means woman in their culture. So models walk is called catwalk. In a word, when we meet cat in English sentences, we should translate it into human first. She called me a copy cat just because my shoes look like hers. a copy cat can be translated into à §Ã…“†¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ·Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ º. Actually, there are many ways to translate slang into Chinese. We should keep learning their culture and languages so that we can translate slang better. Generally speaking, the argument of slang is still existed. Some argue that learning slang will destroy English, we should make it normative. Some support that slang is vivid and humorous so we should learn it. In my opinion, slang is an interesting part of the English learning. If we learn English, we should learn the culture, language and life. Meanwhile, we can learn slang better by learning the features and ways of translation of slang. Work cited: à ¥Ã‚ ¼Ã‚  Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¸Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 2001 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…  Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹ à ¦Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ° à ¥Ã‚ Ã… ½Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã…’Æ’Ã ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾ à ©Ã‹Å"Ã… ¡Ãƒ ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ©  ¼Ã‹â€ 2012 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ à ©Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ½Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬Å"ˆÃ ¥Ã‚ °Ã¢â‚¬ Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¸Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã…’Æ’Ã ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à §Ã‚ ­Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã¢â‚¬Å"à §Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¦Ã…  Ã‚ ¥ à ¨Ã‚ ¾Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¸Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ º  ¼Ã‹â€ 2011 ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ §Ã‚ ­-à §Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚ ¥ à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¥Ã‚ -à ¦-†¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦ Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary à §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ©Ã‚ «Ã‹Å"à ©Ã‹Å" ¶Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ±Ã¢â‚¬ °Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…’à ¨Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¸Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  à ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã…  Ã‚ ¡Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ °Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¹Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ©Ã‚ ¦Ã¢â‚¬   à §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃƒ ¦Ã‚ ´Ã‚ ¥Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¤Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¡Ã‚ ºÃƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¤Ã‚ ¾ à ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¾Ã… ½Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ½Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ §Ã… ¡Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ §Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¹Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã…’à ¦Ã… ¾Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒ ¦Ã‹â€ Ã‚  http://wenku.baidu.com/view/5f62d618ff00bed5b9f31dbe.html à ¦Ã‚ µÃ¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ °Ã‹â€ Ãƒ ¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ã‚ ±Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ¿Ã… ¡Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã‚ ­Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã…  Ãƒ ¥Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã‚ ¶Ãƒ §Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¨Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¦- ¹Ãƒ ¦Ã‚ ³Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ http://wenku.baidu.com/view/4942e3fd941ea76e58fa04c5.html

Various Art Critiques :: Essays Papers

Various Art Critiques The Doll Man, Doug Safranak, oil painting As I enter the Gioconda and Joseph King Gallery at the Norton Museum of Art the first thing that Caught my attention was a painting measuring approximately at 4 ft. by 10 ft. on the side wall in a well- light area. As I further examine the painting the first thing I notice is that it has super realism. It also has color, texture, implied space, stopped time, and that it is a representational piece. The foreign man sitting on the chair next to a bed has a disturbed look on his face and is deep into his own thoughts. It’s as if someone he loved dearly just experienced a tragic and untimely death. He is in early depression. I could feel the pain depicted in his eyes. A book titled The Unquiet Grave lying open on the floor by the unmade bed suggesting something is left unresolved. The scattered photos and papers by the bedside cause redintegration. The picture of Medusa’s head screaming on the headboard is a silent scream filled with anger and pain, yet it cannot be heard. I feel as if I am in the one sitting in the chair and I can feel the anger, and regret. Self Portrait with Gorilla and Wolf, Joan Brown, enamel on masonite panel As I turned away from The Doll Man I immediately was taken in by this self -portrait. Although, the lighting was not very well. It was placed between the tow entrances into the Gioconda and Joseph King Gallery. The painting measured approximately at 4 ft. by 10 ft. The painting is representational and depicts animals and human. The bright red colors and dark features in the background made it stand out. Stopped time, implied space, and texture were also important elements of this painting. As the girl is sitting on the chair with a gaze in her eyes, the gorilla standing behind the chair with a look of concern and uncertainty in its eyes. It doesn’t want to step up in front of the chair and show it’s self completely. There is something to hide. It represents what is actually felt, the truth. Whatever it is, it is not to be revealed. The wolf standing by the girl’s feet has a particular look and is a loner; doesn’t want anyone to get too close. The wolf is there to ensure the hidden, the gorilla, doesn’t show it’s self.

Managing Capability

Outline the patterns of Amazon’s strategic evolution. Discuss Jeff Bezos’s role in this. Amazon. com is probably one of the most well-known on-line marketing hub nowadays. The primary strategy of the said online store is being directly connected with its customer. Since people who are using the internet are increasing, it is not hard to believe that Amazon. com found its niche in allowing online users to purchase products and services through their website. Amazon. com is also considered to be the starters in the utilization of Internet as a channel of business endeavors.Amazon. com was founded by its Chief Executive Officer named Jeff Bezos in the year 1994 (Barros et. al. 1). Bezos wants to open a store which is not akin to traditional retail stores. Basically, the good choice of purchasing platform is the Internet wherein many people are using. In Amazon. Com, the selling of books was being developed because of the unlimited amount of book titles and it is easy to de velop search methods and retrieval functions and systems. There are various advantages of an online store just like Amazon. com.These advantages include direct customer advantages and cost advantages. For direct customer advantages, there are many factors which contributed to the strategic evolution of Amazon. com. First, the business of Amazon is available for about twenty four hours paer day and seven days a week. This makes the online selling convenient for purchasers or buyers and advantageous for the company itself. Second, there is a virtual unlimited shelf space for the books which makes it easy to store book products and convenience for customers. The bulk of the books stored in amazon.com stores is four times larger compared to traditional book stores. In connection, the third strategy is that it is easy for customers to access search engines and retrieval systems developed by Amazon. com in finding books to buy which provides convenience and comfort for busy customers. In other words, search job is made easier due to the search scheme developed by Amazon. com. Fourth, Amazon. com also develop a scheme which includes a value-added content wherein experts provide books reviews and title recommendations which could help the customers decide on what to book to buy.And lastly, the company also exploited the advantages of sales and distribution of books in relation to global accessiblity worldwide. With respect to cost advantages in relation to the strategic evolution of Amazon. com, there are also factors that affects its fame in the online business industry. First, Amazon. com has a centralized and largely automated operations which made the business easier to manage. The supply chain is not complicated compared to traditional business models.And second, it cannot be denied that in online business, there is no need to prepare high investments and it is also not expensive in terms of real assets. Moreover, business analysts provided various reasons why th e company will continue to grow in the coming years. First, Amazon. com was able to develop itself as the leading online book seller in the Internet. The company also developed a brand extension plan which allows it to sell not only books but also CDs and videotapes.Besides, books ansd music sales has increased tremendously and predicted to increase more in the coming years. Amazon. com also tapped the most visited sites in the Internet which includes Excite, Geocities, AOL, Netscape, and Yahoo (Barros et. al. 1). And lastly, Amazon. com has built a database containing customer's information and patterns of purchasing their products in order to maximize sales. Bibliography Barros, L. et. al. (2009). Value of E-Commerce. [Internet]. Web. Mit. Edu. Available from: [Accessed 19 May].

How Much Did Medicine and Treatment Progress (Change and...

How much did medicine and treatment progress (change and continuity) between 1350 and 1750? In medicine there were many things that changed and some that stayed the same between 1350 and 1750. Initially I will be looking at medicine and treatment in the Ancient World as a prelude to its importance during the Renaissance period, and also the influence it may have had in the Middle Ages. During Ancient times, cure and prevention of illness and disease were not very well developed – people would blame their ill health on Gods, witches, demons or other supernatural causes. They had many theories, such as God punishing them for their sins. The Ancient Greeks began to believe that illnesses had a natural cause – in about 400 BCE, a doctor†¦show more content†¦After 300 CE, Romans officially converted to Christianity, and this thoroughly encouraged people to think illness and disease had natural rather than supernatural causes. Roman doctors were encouraged to expand their knowledge of the human anatomy, which also helped medical understanding progress – however, they still could not carry out dissections. Claudius Galen was an Ancient Roman born in about 129 CE in Greece. He believed the theory of the Four Humours and wrote many books based on this theory, which were to be used by generations to come. He developed the Theory of Opposites – when the four humours became unbalanced, he would give something opposite to the humour that was in excess. An example of this is that if a patient had phlegm (which he associated which hot and dry), they would eat cold food – such as cucumber – drink lots of water and stand out in the rain. Unlike previous and future periods in time, the Ancient Romans believed strongly in personal hygiene. They had public baths in every town and city, and would conduct business there, sending up to two hours a day in them. Canals and aqueducts were designed to carry water to the people in towns, as well as having fresh water and drains. Sewers were cleaned by rainwater, which prevented them for blocking up. All this made a massive change to people’s health as they were much more hygienicShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesgraduated from Iowa State University with a major in mathematics and, while acquiring graduate degrees at the University of Iowa, concentrated on statistics, computer programming, psychometrics, and test development. Currently, he divides his duties between teaching and evaluation; in addition to teaching, he is the assessment facilitator for the Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Community Schools. In his spare t ime he enjoys reading and hiking. He and his wife have a daughter, Anna, who is a graduate student in CivilRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pagestoday’s health care system, while repairing 6 the aspects that are broken. 7 (3) INSURANCE 8 REFORMS.—This division— (A) enacts strong insurance market re- 9 forms; 10 (B) creates a new Health Insurance Ex- 11 change, with a public health insurance option 12 alongside private plans; 13 (C) includes sliding scale affordability 14 credits; and 15 (D) initiates shared responsibility among 16 workers, employers, and the Government;